人工湿地中基质与植物对污染物去除效率的影响
Effects of substrates and plants on pollution removal of constructed wetlands
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摘要: 针对太湖五里湖富营养化水体，采用中试规模的人工湿地现场实验开展了不同基质、不同植物的污染物去除效果研究。基质采用炉渣和沸石2种，在一个湿地池种植单一植物茭白，另一个湿地池种植鸢尾＋菖蒲混合植物，同时构建了无植物的对照组湿地。研究表明：（1）在运行初期，沸石和炉渣2种基质对TN、TP的去除率差异为12.5%和12.6%，吸附饱和后，2种基质对TN和TP的去除率差异缩小为3.2%和6.1%，从长期运行来看，炉渣和沸石2种基质在人工湿地中的去除效率差异将减小；（2）茭白单一植物湿地对污染物的去除率与鸢尾＋菖蒲混合植物湿地对污染物的去除率两者之间差异不大；（3）人工湿地种植植物后对TN、TP的去除率比无植物状态时分别高出13.6%和19.5%，植物在人工湿地中对污染物的去除发挥了重要作用；（4）在本试验条件下，茭白吸收所去除的氮数量为湿地氮总去除量的8.95%，茭白吸收去除磷的数量为湿地磷总去除量的20.16%，在人工湿地中，茭白吸收对磷的去除效率比对氮的去除效率高。Abstract: The pilot-scale constructed wetlands with different substrates and plants were built to treat eutrophic Wuli Lake.The slag and zeolite were selected as substrates. Zizania caduciflora was planted in one wetland, and Iris pseudacorus& Acorus calamus was planted in another. Meanwhile, there is a wetland without any plants growing as a comparison.The results show that the differences of the removal rates for the TN between slag substrates and zeolite substrates is 12.5% in the initial stages, and it is 12.6% for TP.The differences, however, decrease to 3.2% and 6.1% after adsorption saturation.For a long-term, the difference of removal efficiencies between slag substrates and zeolite substrates will reduce .And there will be little difference between Zizania caduciflora and Iris pseudacorus & Acorus calamus.The removal rates for the TN of the constructed wetlands with plants is 13.6% higher than blank system, and for TP is 19.5% .The results indicate that plant plays a major role in treating eutrophic water in these constructed wetlandsIts contribution is 8.95% for TN and 20.16% for TP respectively.Absorption of Zizania caduciflora has a better effect on phosphorous removal than nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands
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Key words:
- constructed wetland /
- slag substrates /
- zeolite substrates /
- plants /
- eutrophic water
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