平原河网结构改造与水体有机物自净效果的实验研究
Experimental study on the relations between transformation of plain river network and effects of organic matter self-purification
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摘要: 利用模拟实验开展了平原河流的水动力条件、河道宽深比、建筑物遮光效应和水温等因素对水体有机物长期降解过程的影响规律研究。结果显示，改善模拟河道的水动力条件，控制流速在1.5 m/h以上，可有效地减轻模拟河道有机物的污染现象及其在底泥中的积累速率；同时，控制模拟河道的宽深比在3.0左右，并最大限度地增加模拟河道的总体光照时间与光照强度，对水中有机物的降解十分有利。在相同的来水量下，不同的季节水中有机物的含量是不同的，模拟河道底部水温在10～15℃时，水体中有机物的含量最高，这也是河流最易发生黑臭的季节，此时可以配合城市内河置水工程，加大换水量及来水水质的管理。Abstract: The relations between the degradation of the organics and factors like hydrodynamic conditions of plains river, ratios of width to depth of river, the effect of light hiding by building, water temperature and so on were studied by simulation experiments. The results show that improving hydrodynamic conditions to control the flow above 1.5 m/h can effectively reduce the organic pollution and the process of accumulation in the bottom sludge in river model; meanwhile, controlling the ratios of width to depth of river at 3 in the process of transformation of river model; and achieving maximal lighting hour and intensityt, which is very conducive to the degradation of organic matters. At the same input water quantity, the contents of organic matters are different in different seasons, when the river bottom temperatures are between 10～15℃, concentrations of organic matter in river water are the highest, which is also the river most prone to be black and smelly, this can be in line with the urban replacement of water projects, increase water quantity and input water quality management.
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