-
自1929年发现青霉素来,抗生素作为一种能够有效对抗细菌感染的药物已被广泛应用于人类和牲畜疾病的预防与治疗. Klein等[1]的研究表明,在2000年至2015年间,全球抗生素的消费量增加了65%,并且预测在没有政策干预的情况下,2030年全球抗生素消费量可能比2015年高出200%. 由抗生素大量使用诱导产生的抗生素耐药问题是人类面临的重要公共卫生挑战之一. 据估计,每年死于抗生素耐药性问题的人数高达70万,如果不采取适当的预防措施,到2050年,每年的死亡人数将接近1000万,超过癌症的死亡人数[2]. 存在于抗生素耐药菌(antibiotic resistant bacteria, ARB)中的抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs),作为一种新污染物,与传统污染物不同,可以通过细菌的繁殖,进行垂直基因转移(vertical gene transfer, VGT),在环境中大量扩增,也可以通过水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer, HGT)在不同细菌间扩散,进一步诱导抗生素耐药性的产生,因而引起了广泛的关注[3-4].
覆盖地球71%表面积的海洋对人类的生存和发展具有重要意义,反过来也受到了人类活动的广泛影响,它不仅是各类陆源污染物的汇,同样也是ARGs的重要天然储库. 海洋环境中的ARGs可以存在于细菌等微生物体内,也可以在微生物死亡后释放到海水和沉积物中并长期存在[5-6]. 这些ARGs可以在海洋生物之间传播,也可以在海洋生物与人类之间传播,显然海洋介质在ARGs的传播中发挥着重要作用,但这种作用在很大程度上无法量化[6-7]. 全球约40%的人口居住在海岸线100 km2以内的沿海地区,海洋环境中ARGs的存在会对这一区域的人类健康带来前所未有的挑战[8]. 但目前人们对于海洋环境中ARGs的来源、组成和影响因素,仍缺乏系统的认识. 本研究在总结国内外最新研究的基础上,重点讨论了海洋环境中ARGs的主要来源,对比分析了不同海域ARGs的优势类型、浓度水平,以及多个影响因子对海水和沉积物中ARGs的潜在影响,探讨了海洋环境中ARGs的传播扩散路径以及潜在影响等,为深入研究和治理海洋环境ARGs污染,降低ARGs的生态和健康风险提供参考.
海洋环境中抗生素抗性基因研究进展
Antibiotic resistance genes in marine environment – A review
-
摘要: 抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)作为一种危害人类和生物健康的新污染物,已成为21世纪人们面临的重大挑战之一. 海洋是人类活动产生的ARGs的潜在储库,但目前人们对海洋环境中ARGs的来源、污染水平、传播路径、健康影响等的认知较为缺乏,相关研究尚处于起步阶段. 本文在总结国内外最新研究的基础上,综述了国内外海洋环境中ARGs的研究进展,重点探讨了海洋环境中ARGs的来源、不同海域ARGs的污染现状、环境因素对海水和沉积物中ARGs组成的影响等,并进一步分析了海洋环境中ARGs的潜在生态和健康风险,以期为未来海洋环境中ARGs污染的相关研究和监管提供参考.Abstract: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified as emerging pollutants that endanger human and animal health. In fact, ARGs have been listed as one of the major environmental and health challenges in the 21st century. The ocean acts as an important reservoir of ARGs, but knowledge gaps remain there, e.g., what are these ARGs’ sources and how they come there? how about their pollution levels, and health risks? This study reviews the studies of ARGs in marine environments of China and international hot studies on marine ARGs and focuses on four topics. The topics include the sources of marine ARGs, the abundances of ARGs in various oceanic zones, the composition of ARGs in seawater and sediments related to environmental factors, potential ecological and health risks of ARGs in marine environments. This study aims to service future studies of marine ARGs and policies making.
-
Key words:
- marine environment /
- antibiotic resistance genes /
- antimicrobial resistance /
- seawater /
- sediment.
-
图 2 海水和沉积物中ARGs的相关研究(采用Ocean Data View[69]绘制)
Figure 2. Researches of ARGs in seawater and sediments (Draw with Ocean Data View)
表 1 不同海域海水中的ARGs的丰度
Table 1. Abundance of ARGs in seawater of different areas
海域
Sea area研究时间
Time研究方法
MethodARGs 相对丰度
(16S rRNA−1)
Relative abundance绝对丰度
Absolute abundance参考文献
Reference中国渤海湾 2015.07.12 qPCR tetM 5.15×10−5 [59] sul 10−5—10−3 泰国邦盛和芭堤雅海滩 2018.12,
2019.02—2019.08qPCR bla-TEM 2.08—4.12 lg copies·100 mL−1 [17] 中国黄海和渤海 2018.08.18—
2018.09.07qPCR sul1, sul2, tetB, tetG, tetX, ermF, ermT, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS 21.1—8.00×103 copies·mL−1 [60] 西太平洋和南大洋 2019.10.31—
2019.12.04qPCR tetA, tetB, tetBP, tetD, tetZ, sul1, ermB, blaTEM, qnrD, oqxA (3.0×106±1.6×106) copies·mL−1 [58] 爱尔兰海 2018.09—2019.10 qPCR bla-TEM 2.6×103—6.3×103 GC·100 mL−1 [41] sul1 3.7×102—4.8×103 GC·100 mL−1 黑海 2019.07—08 qPCR vanB 2×10−1±1×10−1 [53] bla-SHV 4×10−2±1×10−2 bla-CMY 1×10−2±3×10−3 mcr-1 3×10−2±2×10−2 ermB 1×10−3±5×10−4 vanA 1×10−5±5×10−4 悉尼港河口玫瑰湾 2019.08—09 qPCR sul1 (7.96×101±2.16×102) copies·100 mL−1 [61] qnrS (1.38×103±3.23×103) copies·100 mL−1 tetA (9.98×103±3.03×103) copies·100 mL−1
(2.87×105±2.50×105) copies·100 mL−1波罗的海 2008.08,
2009.09qPCR tetB 1.8×102—7.3×102 copies·L−1 [62] bla-SHV 2.5×102—1.0×103 copies·L−1 ermB 5.0×101—3.0×102 copies·L−1 tetM 4.2×101—7.8×103 copies·L−1 sul1 2.5×101—1.7×104 copies·L−1 英吉利海峡和北海海域 2020.01 qPCR tetA 2.24 lg copies·mL−1 [54] sul1 1.52—3.55 lg copies·mL−1 表 2 不同海域沉积物中的ARGs丰度
Table 2. Abundance of ARGs in sediment of different areas
海域
Sea area研究时间
Time研究方法
MethodARGs 相对丰度(16S rRNA−1)
Relative abundance绝对丰度(copies·g−1)
Absolute abundance参考文献
Reference中国渤海湾 2015.07.12 qPCR tetM 1.7×10−4 [59] sul 10−4—10−2 中国九龙江口和闽江口 2016.04 宏基因组 289种ARGs 1.05×10−1—2.93×10−1 [16] 中国黄海和渤海 2018.08.18—
2018.09.07qPCR sul1, sul2, tetB, tetG, tetX, ermF, ermT, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS 4.67×103—1.08×107 [60] 白令海北部 2007.05—06,
2016.07,
2015.11qPCR sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, tetC, tetD, aacC2, aacC3, aacC4, qepA, qnrB, qnrA, qnrS, qnrD, ermC, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-2, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-1, ampC, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-10, blaSHV-1, blaGES-1, blaNDM-1, blaKPC 10−9—10−5 [68] 中国渤海附近
海河河口2018.05 HT-qPCR 85种ARGs 9.06×106—2.93×108 [43] -
[1] KLEIN E Y, van BOECKEL T P, MARTINEZ E M, et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015 [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(15): E3463-E3470. [2] O'NEIL J. Antimicrobial resistance: Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations / the review on antimicrobial resistance chaired by Jim O'Neill. [M]. London, UK: Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, 2014: 1-20. [3] SHAO S C, HU Y Y, CHENG J H, et al. Research progress on distribution, migration, transformation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environment [J]. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2018, 38(8): 1195-1208. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1471038 [4] JIANG Q, FENG M B, YE C S, et al. Effects and relevant mechanisms of non-antibiotic factors on the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in water environments: A review [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 806: 150568. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150568 [5] 罗义, 周启星. 抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)——一种新型环境污染物 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2008, 28(8): 1499-1505. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2008.08.002 LUO Y, ZHOU Q X. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as emerging pollutants [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2008, 28(8): 1499-1505(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2008.08.002
[6] ZHANG Y P, NIU Z G, ZHANG Y, et al. Occurrence of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) and the factors affecting them [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 236: 126-136. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.033 [7] HATOSY S M, MARTINY A C. The ocean as a global reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2015, 81(21): 7593-7599. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00736-15 [8] SALE P F, AGARDY T, AINSWORTH C H, et al. Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the 21st century [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 85(1): 8-23. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.005 [9] 谷河泉, 陈庆强. 中国近海持久性毒害污染物研究进展 [J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(12): 6243-6251. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.12.056 GU H Q, CHEN Q Q. Persistent toxic substances in offshore zone of China: A review [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(12): 6243-6251(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.12.056
[10] 戈华清, 蓝楠. 我国海洋陆源污染的产生原因与防治模式 [J]. 中国软科学, 2014(2): 22-31. GE H Q, LAN N. Causes and prevention mode on marine pollution from the land-based activities or sources(MPLBA) in China [J]. China Soft Science, 2014(2): 22-31(in Chinese).
[11] 高会旺, 张英娟, 张凯. 大气污染物向海洋的输入及其生态环境效应 [J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(3): 326-330. GAO H W, ZHANG Y J, ZHANG K. Atmospheric inputs of pollutants to the sea and their effects on marine environment and ecosystem [J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2002, 17(3): 326-330(in Chinese).
[12] 林伟龙, 刘贝贝, 黄伟彬. 海洋环境陆源污染及船舶污染防治建议研究 [J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2018, 36(8): 123-125. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2018.08.041 LIN W L, LIU B B, HUANG W B. Study on marine environmental pollution from land sources and prevention and control of marine pollution [J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2018, 36(8): 123-125(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2018.08.041
[13] ZHENG D S, YIN G Y, LIU M, et al. A systematic review of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in estuarine and coastal environments [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 777: 146009. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146009 [14] GAO R, SUI M H. Antibiotic resistance fate in the full-scale drinking water and municipal wastewater treatment processes: A review [J]. Environmental Engineering Research, 2021, 26(4): 200324. [15] PAZDA M, KUMIRSKA J, STEPNOWSKI P, et al. Antibiotic resistance genes identified in wastewater treatment plant systems - A review [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 697: 134023. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134023 [16] HUANG J, ZHU J, LIU S G, et al. Estuarine salinity gradient governs sedimentary bacterial community but not antibiotic resistance gene profile [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 806: 151390. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151390 [17] MAKKAEW P, KONGPRAJUG A, CHYEROCHANA N, et al. Persisting antibiotic resistance gene pollution and its association with human sewage sources in tropical marine beach waters [J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2021, 238: 113859. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113859 [18] FONTI V, di CESARE A, ŠANGULIN J, et al. Antibiotic resistance genes and potentially pathogenic bacteria in the central adriatic sea: Are they connected to urban wastewater inputs? [J]. Water, 2021, 13(23): 3335. doi: 10.3390/w13233335 [19] ZHANG Q Q, YING G G, PAN C G, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics emission and fate in the river basins of China: Source analysis, multimedia modeling, and linkage to bacterial resistance [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(11): 6772-6782. [20] RASMIKA DEWI D A P, GÖTZ B, THOMAS T. Diversity and genetic basis for carbapenem resistance in a coastal marine environment [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2020, 86(10): e02939-19. [21] ZHANG Y X, LU J, WU J, et al. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in sediments in a semi-enclosed continental shelf sea [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 720: 137712. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137712 [22] DANG H Y, REN J, SONG L S, et al. Dominant chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in coastal marine waters of Jiaozhou Bay, China [J]. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008, 24(2): 209-217. doi: 10.1007/s11274-007-9458-8 [23] JAHANGIRI L, ESTEBAN M. Administration of probiotics in the water in finfish aquaculture systems: A review [J]. Fishes, 2018, 3(3): 33. doi: 10.3390/fishes3030033 [24] TAMMINEN M, KARKMAN A, LÕHMUS A, et al. Tetracycline resistance genes persist at aquaculture farms in the absence of selection pressure [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(2): 386-391. [25] JIA L, LIU H, ZHAO N, et al. Distribution and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in coastal aquatic ecosystems of Bohai Bay [J]. Water, 2022, 14(6): 938. doi: 10.3390/w14060938 [26] ALTUĞ G, ÇARDAK M, TÜRETKEN P S Ç, et al. Antibiotic and heavy metal resistant bacteria isolated from Aegean Sea water and sediment in Güllük Bay, Turkey: Quantifying the resistance of identified bacteria species with potential for environmental remediation applications [J]. Johnson Matthey Technology Review, 2020, 64(4): 507-525. doi: 10.1595/205651320X15953337767424 [27] GERMOND A, KIM S J. Genetic diversity of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria and tet(M) genes in two major coastal areas of South Korea [J]. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 2015, 3(3): 166-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.04.005 [28] ROSE J M, GAST R J, BOGOMOLNI A, et al. Occurrence and patterns of antibiotic resistance in vertebrates off the Northeastern United States coast [J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2009, 67(3): 421-431. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00648.x [29] AKHIL PRAKASH E, HROMÁDKOVÁ T, JABIR T, et al. Dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria to the polar environment - Role of the longest migratory bird Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 815: 152727. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152727 [30] MUDRYK Z, PERLIŃSKI P, SKÓRCZEWSKI P. Detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria inhabiting the sand of non-recreational marine beach [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010, 60(2): 207-214. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.025 [31] VIGNESH S, MUTHUKUMAR K, ARTHUR JAMES R. Antibiotic resistant pathogens versus human impacts: A study from three eco-regions of the Chennai coast, southern India [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 64(4): 790-800. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.015 [32] LEVIN-EDENS E, SOGE O O, NO D, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Northwest marine and freshwater recreational beaches [J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2012, 79(2): 412-420. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01229.x [33] 吴楠, 杨静慧, 张伟玉, 等. 不同环境介质中抗生素耐药性的检测方法研究进展 [J]. 微生物学通报, 2016, 43(12): 2720-2729. doi: 10.13344/j.microbiol.china.160034 WU N, YANG J H, ZHANG W Y, et al. Progress in detection methods of antibiotic resistance in different environmental matrices [J]. Microbiology China, 2016, 43(12): 2720-2729(in Chinese). doi: 10.13344/j.microbiol.china.160034
[34] DANG H Y, REN J, SONG L S, et al. Diverse tetracycline resistant bacteria and resistance genes from coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay [J]. Microbial Ecology, 2008, 55(2): 237-246. doi: 10.1007/s00248-007-9271-9 [35] RAHMAN M H, NONAKA L, TAGO R, et al. Occurrence of two genotypes of tetracycline (TC) resistance gene Tet(M) in the TC-resistant bacteria in marine sediments of Japan [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(14): 5055-5061. [36] SOGE O O, MESCHKE J S, NO D B, et al. Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from US West Coast public marine beaches [J]. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2009, 64(6): 1148-1155. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkp368 [37] GRIFFIN D W, BANKS K, GREGG K, et al. Antibiotic resistance in marine microbial communities proximal to a Florida sewage outfall system [J]. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, 9(3): 118. [38] SUCATO A, VECCHIONI L, SAVOCA D, et al. A comparative analysis of aquatic and polyethylene-associated antibiotic-resistant microbiota in the Mediterranean Sea [J]. Biology, 2021, 10(3): 200. doi: 10.3390/biology10030200 [39] LU Z H, NA G S, GAO H, et al. Fate of sulfonamide resistance genes in estuary environment and effect of anthropogenic activities [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 527/528: 429-438. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.101 [40] XU K H, WANG J, GONG H, et al. Occurrence of antibiotics and their associations with antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in Guangdong coastal areas [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 186: 109796. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109796 [41] SALA-COMORERA L, NOLAN T M, REYNOLDS L J, et al. Bacterial and bacteriophage antibiotic resistance in marine bathing waters in relation to rivers and urban streams [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12: 718234. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718234 [42] DI CESARE A, PETRIN S, FONTANETO D, et al. ddPCR applied on archived continuous plankton recorder samples reveals long-term occurrence of class 1 integrons and a sulphonamide resistance gene in marine plankton communities [J]. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2018, 10(4): 458-464. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12665 [43] ZHAO Z, ZHANG K, WU N, et al. Estuarine sediments are key hotspots of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes: A high-throughput analysis in Haihe Estuary in China [J]. Environment International, 2020, 135: 105385. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105385 [44] LU X M, PENG X, XUE F, et al. Distance dilution of antibiotic resistance genes of sediments in an estuary system in relation to coastal cities [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021, 281: 116980. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116980 [45] PORT J A, WALLACE J C, GRIFFITH W C, et al. Metagenomic profiling of microbial composition and antibiotic resistance determinants in Puget Sound [J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(10): e48000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048000 [46] YANG Y Y, LIU G H, SONG W J, et al. Plastics in the marine environment are reservoirs for antibiotic and metal resistance genes [J]. Environment International, 2019, 123: 79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.061 [47] ZHANG T, JI Z Q, LI J, et al. Metagenomic insights into the antibiotic resistome in freshwater and seawater from an Antarctic ice-free area [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022, 309: 119738. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119738 [48] 王秋水, 刘悦, 邓婕, 等. 动物性水产品及其养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因的研究进展 [J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2022, 13(5): 1453-1461. WANG Q S, LIU Y, DENG J, et al. Research progress of antibiotic resistance genes in animal aquatic products and aquaculture environment [J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2022, 13(5): 1453-1461(in Chinese).
[49] ZHU Y G, ZHAO Y, LI B, et al. Continental-scale pollution of estuaries with antibiotic resistance genes [J]. Nature Microbiology, 2017, 2: 16270. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.270 [50] LI Q W, NA G S, ZHANG L X, et al. Effects of corresponding and non-corresponding contaminants on the fate of sulfonamide and quinolone resistance genes in the Laizhou Bay, China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 128: 475-482. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.051 [51] SUKUMARAN D, MOHAMED HATHA A A. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from tropical estuary, South India [J]. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2015, 9(5): 496-504. doi: 10.3855/jidc.5627 [52] MARAVIĆ A, SKOČIBUŠIĆ M, CVJETAN S, et al. Prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from marine beach waters [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 90(1/2): 60-67. [53] PREKRASNA I, PAVLOVSKA M, DZHULAI A, et al. Antibiotic resistance in black sea microbial communities [J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10: 823172. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.823172 [54] BOURDONNAIS E, COLCANAP D, le BRIS C, et al. Occurrence of indicator genes of antimicrobial resistance contamination in the English channel and north sea sectors and interactions with environmental variables [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 883081. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.883081 [55] ZHOU L, XU P, GONG J Y, et al. Metagenomic profiles of the resistome in subtropical estuaries: Co-occurrence patterns, indicative genes, and driving factors [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 810: 152263. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152263 [56] CHEN B W, LIANG X M, NIE X P, et al. The role of class I integrons in the dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes in the Pearl River and Pearl River Estuary, South China [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 282: 61-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.010 [57] YANG P S, HAO S G, HAN M Z, et al. Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes reveals their important roles in influencing the community structure of ocean microbiome [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 823: 153731. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153731 [58] JANG J, PARK J, HWANG C Y, et al. Abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in the western Pacific and Southern Oceans [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 822: 153360. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153360 [59] NIU Z G, ZHANG K, ZHANG Y. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the coastal area of the Bohai Bay, China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 107(1): 245-250. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.064 [60] LU J, ZHANG Y X, WU J, et al. Occurrence and spatial distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea areas, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 252: 450-460. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.143 [61] WILLIAMS N L R, SIBONI N, POTTS J, et al. Molecular microbiological approaches reduce ambiguity about the sources of faecal pollution and identify microbial hazards within an urbanised coastal environment [J]. Water Research, 2022, 218: 118534. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118534 [62] TIIRIK K, NÕLVAK H, OOPKAUP K, et al. Characterization of the bacterioplankton community and its antibiotic resistance genes in the Baltic Sea [J]. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2014, 61(1): 23-32. doi: 10.1002/bab.1144 [63] BLANCO-PICAZO P, ROSCALES G, TORIBIO-AVEDILLO D, et al. Antibiotic resistance genes in phage particles from Antarctic and Mediterranean seawater ecosystems [J]. Microorganisms, 2020, 8(9): 1293. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091293 [64] GAO Q X, LI Y L, QI Z H, et al. Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes from mariculture sites of China’s coastline [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 630: 117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.122 [65] HABIBI N, UDDIN S, LYONS B, et al. Antibiotic resistance genes associated with marine surface sediments: A baseline from the Shores of Kuwait [J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(13): 8029. doi: 10.3390/su14138029 [66] MOOTAPALLY C, NATHANI N M, PORIYA P, et al. Antibiotic resistome biomarkers associated to the pelagic sediments of the gulfs of Kathiawar peninsula and Arabian Sea [J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9: 17281. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53832-9 [67] SU H L, WU C C, HAN P Y, et al. The microbiome and its association with antibiotic resistance genes in the hadal biosphere at the Yap Trench [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 439: 129543. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129543 [68] TAN L, LI L Y, ASHBOLT N, et al. Arctic antibiotic resistance gene contamination, a result of anthropogenic activities and natural origin [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 621: 1176-1184. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.110 [69] SCHLITZER R. Ocean data view[EB/OL] [2022-06-22]. [70] ZHANG H K, WANG Y B, LIU P Y, et al. Unveiling the occurrence, hosts and mobility potential of antibiotic resistance genes in the deep ocean [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 816: 151539. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151539 [71] LU J, ZHANG Y X, WU J, et al. Fate of land-based antibiotic resistance genes in marginal-sea sediment: Territorial differentiation and corresponding drivers [J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 288: 132540. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132540 [72] LI J W, ZHANG L P, LI Y F, et al. A comprehensive profile of antibiotic resistance genes in the water column of a shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem [J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(3): 1776. doi: 10.3390/su14031776 [73] LERMINIAUX N A, CAMERON A D S. Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical environments [J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2019, 65(1): 34-44. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0275 [74] LI W Y, ZHANG G S. Detection and various environmental factors of antibiotic resistance gene horizontal transfer [J]. Environmental Research, 2022, 212: 113267. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113267 [75] 苏洁, 付韵涵, 明红霞, 等. 海洋环境中抗生素抗性基因的水平传播研究 [J]. 环境污染与防治, 2021, 43(7): 893-897,908. doi: 10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2021.07.017 SU J, FU Y H, MING H X, et al. Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in marine environment [J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2021, 43(7): 893-897,908(in Chinese). doi: 10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2021.07.017
[76] LIN L, YUAN K, LIANG X M, et al. Occurrences and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in the Yangtze River Estuary and nearby coastal area [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 100(1): 304-310. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.036 [77] NA G S, ZHANG W R, ZHOU S Y, et al. Sulfonamide antibiotics in the Northern Yellow Sea are related to resistant bacteria: Implications for antibiotic resistance genes [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 84(1/2): 70-75. [78] CITTERIO B, ANDREONI F, SIMONI S, et al. Plasmid replicon typing of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from clams and marine sediments [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11: 1101. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01101 [79] CHEN C Q, ZHENG L, ZHOU J L, et al. Persistence and risk of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes in major mariculture sites in Southeast China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 580: 1175-1184. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.075 [80] GUO F, LI B, YANG Y, et al. Impacts of human activities on distribution of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and antibiotic resistance genes in marine coastal sediments of Hong Kong [J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2016, 92(9): fiw128. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiw128 [81] SUZUKI S, OGO M, TAKADA H, et al. Contamination of antibiotics and sul and tet(M) genes in veterinary wastewater, river, and coastal sea in Thailand [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 791: 148423. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148423 [82] CHAPMAN J S. Disinfectant resistance mechanisms, cross-resistance, and co-resistance [J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2003, 51(4): 271-276. [83] TANDUKAR M, OH S, TEZEL U, et al. Long-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride disinfectants results in change of microbial community structure and increased antimicrobial resistance [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(17): 9730-9738. [84] WANG J, WANG J, ZHAO Z L, et al. PAHs accelerate the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in coastal water microbial community [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 231: 1145-1152. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.067 [85] GIUDICE A L, CASELLA P, BRUNI V, et al. Response of bacterial isolates from Antarctic shallow sediments towards heavy metals, antibiotics and polychlorinated biphenyls [J]. Ecotoxicology, 2013, 22(2): 240-250. doi: 10.1007/s10646-012-1020-2 [86] ANJUM R, KRAKAT N. Detection of multiple resistances, biofilm formation and conjugative transfer of Bacillus cereus from contaminated soils [J]. Current Microbiology, 2016, 72(3): 321-328. doi: 10.1007/s00284-015-0952-1 [87] LUO Y, WANG Q, LU Q, et al. An ionic liquid facilitates the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes mediated by class I integrons [J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2014, 1(5): 266-270. [88] MÜHLING M, BRADFORD A, READMAN J W, et al. An investigation into the effects of silver nanoparticles on antibiotic resistance of naturally occurring bacteria in an estuarine sediment [J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2009, 68(5): 278-283. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.07.001 [89] LIU S, SU H C, PAN Y F, et al. Spatial and seasonal variations of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes and ecological risks in the coral reef regions adjacent to two typical Islands in South China Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2020, 158: 111424. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111424 [90] 肖喜林, 咸淑慧, 张锐, 等. 海洋异养细菌利用溶解有机碳的定量评估 [J]. 微生物学报, 2020, 60(6): 1090-1105. doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20200134 XIAO X L, XIAN S H, ZHANG R, et al. Quantification of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in the ocean [J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2020, 60(6): 1090-1105(in Chinese). doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20200134
[91] 张乃星, 宋金明, 贺志鹏. 海水颗粒有机碳(POC)变化的生物地球化学机制 [J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(7): 2328-2339. ZHANG N X, SONG J M, HE Z P. Biogeochemical mechanism of particulate organic carbon(POC) variations in seawaters [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(7): 2328-2339(in Chinese).
[92] LOVE C R, ARRINGTON E C, GOSSELIN K M, et al. Microbial production and consumption of hydrocarbons in the global ocean [J]. Nature Microbiology, 2021, 6(4): 489-498. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-00859-8 [93] SNEHA K G, ANAS A, JAYALAKSHMY K V, et al. Distribution of multiple antibiotic resistant Vibrio spp across Palk Bay [J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2016, 3: 242-250. doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2015.11.004 [94] GABASHVILI E, KOBAKHIDZE S, CHKHIKVISHVILI T, et al. Metagenomic and recombination analyses of antimicrobial resistance genes from recreational waters of black sea coastal areas and other marine environments unveil extensive evidence for their both intrageneric and intergeneric transmission across genetically very diverse microbial communities [J]. Marine Genomics, 2022, 61: 100916. doi: 10.1016/j.margen.2021.100916 [95] ROBERTS M C, SOGE O O, GIARDINO M A, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. in marine environments from the West Coast of the USA [J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009, 107(1): 300-307. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04207.x [96] SU J, FAN J F, MING H X, et al. The municipal sewage discharge may impact the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in an urban coastal beach [J]. Water, 2022, 14(10): 1639. doi: 10.3390/w14101639 [97] FURLAN J P R, RAMOS M S, dos SANTOS L D R, et al. Appearance of mcr-9, blaKPC, cfr and other clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in recreation waters and sands from urban beaches, Brazil [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021, 167: 112334. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112334 [98] EWBANK A C, ESPERÓN F, SACRISTÁN C, et al. Occurrence and quantification of antimicrobial resistance genes in the gastrointestinal microbiome of two wild seabird species with contrasting behaviors [J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021, 8: 651781. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651781 [99] PRICHULA J, PEREIRA R I, WACHHOLZ G R, et al. Resistance to antimicrobial agents among enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species in the southern coast of Brazil [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 105(1): 51-57. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.071 [100] EWBANK A C, ESPERÓN F, SACRISTÁN C, et al. Seabirds as anthropization indicators in two different tropical biotopes: A One Health approach to the issue of antimicrobial resistance genes pollution in oceanic Islands [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 754: 142141. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142141 [101] THIANG E L, LEE C W, TAKADA H, et al. Antibiotic residues from aquaculture farms and their ecological risks in Southeast Asia: A case study from Malaysia [J]. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2021, 7(1): 1926337. doi: 10.1080/20964129.2021.1926337 [102] di CESARE A, VIGNAROLI C, LUNA G M, et al. Antibiotic-resistant enterococci in seawater and sediments from a coastal fish farm [J]. Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont, N. Y. ), 2012, 18(5): 502-509. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0204 [103] WANG X T, LIN Y F, ZHENG Y, et al. Antibiotics in mariculture systems: A review of occurrence, environmental behavior, and ecological effects [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022, 293: 118541. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118541 [104] SU H C, HU X J, WANG L L, et al. Contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical marine aquaculture farm: Source tracking of ARGs in reared aquatic organisms [J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2020, 55(3): 220-229. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1684747 [105] JEONG S H, KWON J Y, SHIN S B, et al. Antibiotic resistance in shellfish and major inland pollution sources in the drainage basin of Kamak Bay, Republic of Korea [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021, 193(8): 471. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09201-z [106] MILANOVIĆ V, CARDINALI F, AQUILANTI L, et al. Quantitative assessment of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed Hermetia illucens-based feed [J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021, 277: 114978. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114978 [107] SINGH A S, NAYAK B B, KUMAR S H. High prevalence of multiple antibiotic-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in fresh seafood sold in retail markets of Mumbai, India [J]. Veterinary Sciences, 2020, 7(2): 46. doi: 10.3390/vetsci7020046 [108] LI W, LI Y Y, ZHENG N G, et al. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the guts of shrimp from different coastal areas of China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 815: 152756. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152756