桃江流域河流沉积物中重金属污染特征与风险评价
Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment from Taojiang River Basin
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摘要: 桃江是赣江的重要支流之一，是鄱阳湖重要入湖河流的一大水源.桃江流域分布众多稀土矿点，且具有独特的W（钨）资源.矿业、果业和畜牧业无序发展导致严重的重金属污染，研究桃江流域的重金属污染现状能为鄱阳湖重金属污染控制提供科学依据.为了研究钨矿区水体重金属污染现状，于丰水期采集桃江全南段河流沉积物样品12个，并测定沉积物中8种重金属（Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg和W）的质量分数；采用双向层次聚类分析对沉积物中重金属来源进行分析，采用富集系数法和生物毒性不利影响评价法对沉积物中重金属污染状况进行评价.结果表明，桃江流域沉积物w（Cd）、w（Hg）和w（W）分别超过长江系沉积物背景值2.1—263.2倍、2.7—82.5倍、2.4—30.2倍；w（Zn）、w（Pb）、w（As）、w（Cu）也略超过背景值，w（Cr）未超过背景值.沉积物中重金属的EF（富集系数）大小顺序为Cd > Hg > W > 其他（Zn、Pb、As、Cu、Cr的富集系数相差不大），Cd和Hg为较强富集，Cr无富集.w（Cd）和w（Hg）高于可能效应浓度（probable effect concentration，PEC），会对底栖动物产生危害，w（Cr）低于TEC（阈值效应浓度，threshold effect concentration），对底栖动物不产生危害.大吉山河和中滩的mPEC-Q（生物毒性不利影响）值处于1-5之间，处于高风险状态.研究结果表明，桃江全南段的重金属污染治理应当重点加强对Cd、Hg和W这3种重金属的污染源控制与治理.Abstract: Taojiang River is one of the important tributaries of the Ganjiang River, which is an important inflow river of Poyang Lake. Many ore deposits of rare metals were distributed in the basin of Taojiang River. For example, tungsten, which is one of unique rare metal in this area. Immoderate development of the mining, fruit industries, and animal husbandry have resulted in serious heavy metal pollution, studying the characteristic of heavy metal pollution in the Taojiang River Basin is of great significance for protecting the water resources of Poyang Lake. In order to evaluate the status of heavy metal pollution in tungsten mines, 12 sediment samples from the Quannan section of the Taojiang River were collected during the flood season. The distribution of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and W) were determined, and the sources of the heavy metals were analyzed using two-way hierarchical clustering analysis. The status of heavy metal pollution was identified based on the sediment enrichment factor and adverse effects of biological toxicity. The results of the study indicated the following points,for these heavy metals, w(Cd), w(Hg), and w(W) exceeded the background 2.1—263.2, 2.7—82.5 and 2.4—30.2 times, respectively. In addition, the content of Zn, Pb, As, and Cu exceeded background slightly. While, w(Cr) did not exceed background. The order of enrichment factor values was as follows: Cd > Hg > W > others (the enrichment factors of Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Cr are not significant different), Cd and Hg were strongly enriched, and Cr was virtually free of enrichment. The concentration of Cd and Hg was higher than probable effect concentration (PEC), resulting in adverse effect on the benthic animals. While w(Cr) was lower than threshold effect concentration (TEC), causing few harms to benthic animal. The mPEC-Q values in sample 3 and sample 6 ranged between 1—5, resulting in a high-risk status. The research showed the prevention and treatment for Cd, Hg and W should be strengthened for the remediation of Heavy metal pollution in the Southern section of Taojiang river.
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Key words:
- heavy metals /
- tungsten /
- sediments /
- biological toxicity /
- Taojiang River
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