黄土区长武塬地下水水化学特征及控制因素分析
The hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater in the Changwu loess tableland
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摘要: 地下水是黄土塬区重要的水源，分析其水化学性质及控制因素，可为区域水资源管理提供重要的依据.2015-2017年对长武塬地下水进行了采样化验分析.通过多元统计分析、相关性分析以及正向推演模型等方法分析了地下水的水化学特征并探究了其控制因素.整体而言，地下水是低矿化度水，水化学类型为Ca+Mg-HCO3型，Mg2+和Ca2+占阳离子质量浓度的平均值为77%，HCO3-占阴离子质量浓度的平均值为75%.离子组成具有明显的时间变化特征.地下水水化学离子主要来源于岩石风化作用，特别是碳酸盐岩的风化作用，其次为硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩的风化作用，分别占岩石风化作用的平均值为65%、27%和8%.人类活动和大气沉降贡献较小，同时阳离子交替吸附对水化学也有一定影响.Abstract: Groundwater is an important water source on the loess tableland, and analysis of its water chemistry and controlling factors can provide important information for regional water resources management. This study thus collected the groundwater samples in the Changwu loess tableland for the period 2015-2017 and analyzed their ion concentrations. Further, the hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors were investigated by the multivariate statistical analysis, correlation analysis and the forward model. Overall, the groundwater was Ca+Mg-HCO3 type low salinity water. Mg2+ and Ca2+ accounted for 77% of the cation mass concentration, while HCO3- accounted for 75% of the anion mass concentration. Ion concentrations had obvious seasonal variations. The groundwater solutes were mainly derived from rock weathering. In specific, carbonate weathering, silicate weathering and evaporate dissolution contributed to 65%, 27% and 8% of the total rock weathering, respectively. Human activities and atmospheric inputs had minor impacts on groundwater solutes, and the cation exchange and adsorption also affected water chemistry to some extent.
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