利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)研究太原市冬季一次雾霾天气的污染特征及成因
Characteristics and formation mechanism of a haze event in the winter of Taiyuan investigated by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS)
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摘要: 2017年11月5日至6日太原市发生了一次重度污染天气，利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪（SPAMS）分析了细颗粒物的化学组成，根据太原市细颗粒源谱库对主要成分进行了来源解析，并结合激光雷达和气象条件研究了雾霾天气成因.结果表明，雾霾天时颗粒物主要包括如下9类：有机碳颗粒（OC）、元素碳颗粒（EC）、元素-有机碳混合颗粒（ECOC）、高分子有机碳（HOC）颗粒、富钾颗粒（K-rich）、富钠颗粒（Na-rich）、左旋葡聚糖颗粒、矿物质颗粒及重金属颗粒，9类颗粒中普遍存在的二次成分表明它们都经历了一定程度的老化过程.含碳颗粒物（OC、EC）与二次颗粒物（SO42-、NO3-、NH4+）的相关性在干净天时高于雾霾天，二次颗粒物的相关性在两种天气状况下都较高.污染物来源解析结果表明，此次重污染过程主要是由机动车尾气和燃煤引起的.激光雷达及气象数据分析表明，此次污染过程是由外来污染物传输以及风速低、湿度高、大气边界层高度降低等不利的气象条件共同作用造成的.Abstract: A haze episode occurred in Taiyuan during November 5-6, 2017. The chemical compositions of the particulate matter were studied by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). The source analysis was carried out according to the fine particle source spectrum library of Taiyuan, and the cause of haze event was also studied in combination with laser radar and meteorological conditions. Results showed that all the particles were classified into 9 main categories:organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), internally mixed elemental-organic carbon (ECOC), high mass organic carbon (HOC), K-rich, Na-rich, levoglucosan, dust and heavy metals. The appearance of secondary components indicates these particles experienced some degree of aging. The correlation between carbon-containing particles (OC, EC) and secondary particles was higher on clean days than haze days. However, the correlation with of secondary particles were high in both weather conditions. The results of fast source apportionment indicates that vehicle exhaust and coal combustion were main sources during the pollution process. The laser radar and meteorological data analysis showed that the pollution process was caused by the transmission of external pollutants and the adverse weather conditions such as low wind speed, high humidity and low level of the atmospheric boundary layer.
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