开封市城乡交错区农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价
Heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk assessment in agricultural soils located in the peri-urban area of Kaifeng City
-
摘要: 用200 m×200 m网格布点法采集开封市城乡交错区表层土壤样品259个.采用ICP-MS测定了土壤重金属（Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn和Cr）含量，原子荧光法测定了土壤中Hg和As含量.分别采用污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）评价土壤重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险水平，应用IDW空间插值法分析土壤重金属污染和潜在生态风险空间分布，并对重金属的来源进行讨论.结果表明：（1）开封市城乡交错区表层土壤8种重金属元素Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Ni、Zn和Cr的平均含量分别为1.43、0.37、40.77、7.13、33.92、25.28、180.23、49.00 mg·kg-1.（2）各样点8种元素平均PLI为1.93，总体上属于轻度污染.其中Cd和Hg为重度污染，Zn、Pb和Cu为轻度污染，Ni、Cr和As处于无污染状态.各样点8种元素平均RI为765.50，属于很强生态风险.其中Cd和Hg处于极强和很强风险，其余元素为轻微风险.（3） PLI的分布与RI的分布有些相似，高值区位于炼锌厂、化肥厂和化肥河（HF河）临近区域，低值区位于研究区东北部包括开封火电厂周边，总体呈由东北向西南递增的趋势.（4） Cd和Hg既是主要的污染因子又是主要的生态风险因子，其来源主要与炼锌厂和化肥厂的废水排放与污水灌溉、烟尘沉降、交通污染以及农业等人类活动有关.Abstract: Samples of topsoils(n=259)were collected from a Peri-urban area of Kaifeng city in Henan province using a 200 m×200 m grid method. Metal concentrations in the soils were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr and atomic fluorescence spectormetry (AFS) for As and Hg. Pollution load index(PLI)and potential ecological risk index(RI)were applied to evaluate pollution load and the potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in topsoils. Spatial distribution of PLI and RI were analyzed using IDW spatial interpolation, and their pollution sources were discussed.The results show that average contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr in the topsoils of the Peri-urban area in Kaifeng City are 1.43, 0.37, 40.77, 7.13, 33.92, 25.28, 180.23 and 49.00 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average PLI of the eight elements is 1.93, which is light pollution in general. However, Cd and Hg were heavily polluted, and Zn, Pb and Cu were slightly polluted, while Ni, Cr and As had not been polluted. The average RI was 765.50, which belongs to the very strong ecological risk. Cd and Hg are especially strong, and the potential risk of the other elements are lower. PLI and RI show similar spatial distribution. Their high value area is located near chemical fertilizer plant, Zinc smelting plant and HF River, and the low value area is located in the northeastern part of the study area, including Kaifeng thermal power plant. Generally, PLI and RI presented an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest. Cd and Hg are not only the main pollution factors, but also the primary ecological risk factors, which are related to wastewater discharge, sewage irrigation and dry-wet deposition from zinc smelting plants and chemical fertilizer plants, as well as traffic emission and agriculture activities.
-
Key words:
- Kaifeng city /
- peri-urban areas /
- heavy metals /
- potential ecological risk /
- IDW interpolation
-
-
[1] TAN M Z, XU F M, CHEN J, et al. Spatial prediction of heavy metal pollution for soils in Peri-Urban Beijing,China based on Fuzzy Set Theory[J]. Pedosphere,2006,16(5):545-554. [2] MENG F, ZHANG J, SHI Q Q, et al. Spatial structure and distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of peri-urban area in Pudong of Shanghai,China[C]. International Conference on GeoInformatics and the Joint Conference, 2008:71450K-71450K-8. [3] 阎伍玖. 芜湖市城市边缘区土壤重金属污染空间特征研究[J]. 地理科学,2008,28(2):282-285. YAN W J. Heavy metal pollution in soils of periurban zone of Wuhu City[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008,28(2):282-285(in Chinese).
[4] 付传城,王文勇,潘剑君,等. 城乡结合带土壤重金属时空变异特征与源解析——以南京市柘塘镇为例[J]. 土壤学报,2014,51(5):1066-1077. FU C C, WANG W Y, PAN J J,et al. Spatial-tenporal variation and source apportionment of soil heavy metals in peri-urban area-a case study of Zhetang Town, Nanjing[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014,51(5):1066-1077(in Chinese).
[5] SATO T, YAMAMOTO S, QADIR M, et al. Long-term effects of wastewater irrigation on soil heavy metal contamination in peri-urban areas of Aleppo, Syria[J]. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2014, 16(6):1153-1158. [6] 陈志凡,范礼东,陈云增,等. 城乡交错区农田土壤重金属总量及形态空间分布特征与源分析——以河南省某市东郊城乡交错区为例[J]. 环境科学学报,2016,36(4):1317-1327. CHEN Z F, FAN L D, CHEN Y Z, et al. Spatial distribution and source analysis of heavy metals in agricultural soils in a peri-urban area based on IDW interpolation and chemical fractions:A case study in Henan Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016,36(4):1317-1327(in Chinese).
[7] HAKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001. [8] EKEOCHA C, OGUKWE C, NIKORO J. Application of multiple ecological risk indices for the assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils in major mechanic villages in Abuja,Nigeria[J]. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology,2017,19(2):1-10. [9] MAMUT A, EZIZ M, MOHAMMAD A, et al. The spatial distribution,contamination,and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals of farmland soils in Karashahar- Baghrash oasis,northwest China[J]. Human & Ecological Risk Assessment,2017,23(6):1-15. [10] 毛平平,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等. 泉州市主要工业区表层土壤重金属污染评价[J]. 环境化学,2010,29(5):984-985. MAO P P, HU G R, YU R L,et al. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in surface soil of Quanzhou main industrial zone[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2010,29(5):984-985(in Chinese).
[11] 王莹,陈玉成,李章平. 我国城市土壤重金属的污染格局分析[J]. 环境化学,2012,31(6):763-770. WANG Y, CHEN Y C, LI Z P. Pollution pattern analysis of heavy metals in urban soils of China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012,31(6):763-770(in Chinese).
[12] 甘国娟,刘伟,邱亚群,等. 湘中某冶炼区农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学,2013,32(1):132-138. GAN G J, LIU W, QIU Y Q, et al. Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of the paddy soils in a smelting area in Central Hunan[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013,32(1):132-138(in Chinese).
[13] ZHU W, BIAN B, LI L. Heavy metal contamination of road deposited sediments in a medium size city of China[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2008, 147(1-3):171-181. [14] 徐清,张立新,刘素红,等. 表层土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价——包头市不同功能区案例研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2008, 17(6):6-12. XU Q, ZHANG L X, LIU S H, et al. Heavy metal pollution of surface soil and its evaluation of potential ecological risk:A case study of different functional areas in Baotou City[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2008,17(6):6-12(in Chinese).
[15] 陈秀瑞,卢新卫,杨光,等. 西安市区表层土壤重金属风险评价[J]. 城市环境与城市生态,2012,25(2):41-46. CHEN X R, LU X W, YANG G, et al. Risk assessment of heavy metal in urban topsoil in Xi'an[J]. Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2012, 25(2):41-46(in Chinese).
[16] 韩晋仙,马建华,魏林衡. 污灌对潮土重金属含量及分布的影响——以开封市化肥河污灌区为例[J]. 土壤,2006,38(3):292-297. HAN J X, MA J H, WEI L H. Effects on heavy metals's content and distribution of sewage irrigation in Fluvo- aquic soil:A case study of sewage irrigation area of Huafei river in Kaifeng[J]. Soils,2006,38(3):292-297(in Chinese).
[17] 孙卉,韩晋仙,马建华. 开封市化肥河污灌区小麦镉、砷含量及其健康风险评价[J]. 土壤通报,2009,40(4):936-940. SUN H, HAN J X, MA J H. Content and health risk evaluation of cadmium and arsenic in wheat in sewage irrigation area of Huafei river in Kaifeng[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(4):936-940(in Chinese).
[18] TOMLINSON D L,WILSON J G,HARRIS C R, et al. Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of pollution index[J]. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen,1980, 33(1-4):566-575. [19] 中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国科学出版社,1990. China National Environmental Monitoring Centre.Background values of soil elements in China[M]. Beijing:China Science Press,1990(in Chinese). [20] 汤洁,天琴,李海毅,等. 哈尔滨市表土重金属地球化学基线的确定及污染程度评价[J]. 生态环境学报,2010,19(10):2408-2413. TANG J, TIAN Q, LI H Y, et al. Determination of geochemical baseline and pollution assessment of surficial soil heavy metals in Harbin city[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2010,19(10):2408-2413(in Chinese).
[21] 李一蒙,马建华,等. 开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学,2015,36(3):1037-1044. LI Y M, MA J H, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of urban soils in Kaifeng City, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(3):1037-1044(in Chinese).
[22] 吴新民, 李恋卿, 潘根兴,等. 南京市不同功能城区土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2003, 24(3):105-111. WU X M, LI L Q, PAN G X, et al. Soil pollution of Cu, Zn,Pb and Cd in different city zones of Nanjing[J]. Environmental Science, 2003, 24(3):105-111(in Chinese).
[23] 王美青, 章明奎. 杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2002, 22(5):603-608. WANG M Q, ZHANG M K. Concentrations and chemical associations of heavy metals in urban and suburban soils of the Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2002, 22(5):603-608(in Chinese).
[24] 刘勇, 岳玲玲, 李晋昌. 太原市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2011,31(6):1285-1293. LIU Y, YUE L L, LI J C. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and its potential ecological risk to the soil in Taiyuan, China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(6):1285-1293(in Chinese).
[25] FERNANDEZ J A,CARBALLEIRA A. Evaluation of contamination,by different elements,in terrestrial mosses[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2001,40(4):461-468. [26] 马建华,王晓云,侯千,等. 某城市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J]. 地理研究,2011,30(3):486-495. MA J H, WANG X Y, HOU Q, et al. Pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metal in surface dust on urban kindergartens[J]. Geographical Research, 2011,30(3):486-495(in Chinese).
[27] 章明奎. 浙江省城市汽车站地表灰尘中重金属含量及其来源研究[J]. 环境科学学报,2010,30(11):2294-2304. ZHANG M K. Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in surface dust from urban coach stations in Zhejiang Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2010,30(11):2294-2304(in Chinese).
[28] 刘芳,王书肖,吴清茹,等. 大型炼锌厂周边土壤及蔬菜的汞污染评价及来源分析[J]. 环境科学,2013,34(2):712-717. LIU F, WANG S X, WU Q R, et al. Evaluation and source analysis of the Mercury pollution in soils and vegetables around a large-scale zinc smelting plant[J]. Environmental Science, 2013,34(2):712-717(in Chinese).
[29] 孙阳昭, 陈扬, 蓝虹.等. 中国汞污染的来源、成因及控制技术路径分析[J]. 环境化学, 2013,,32(6):937-942. SUN Y Z, CHEN Y, LAN H,et al. Study on pollution sources, cause of mercury pollution and its control technical roadmap in China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013,,32(6):937-942(in Chinese).
[30] WU Y, WANG S X,STREETS D G, et al. Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003[J]. Environment Science and Technology,2006,40(17):5312-5318. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1702
- HTML全文浏览数: 1651
- PDF下载数: 380
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
