窟野河流域地表水-地下水的水化学特征
Hydrochemical characteristics of surface and ground water in the Kuye River Basin
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摘要: 通过对窟野河流域地表水和地下水样品进行水化学分析，探讨了该流域不同水体水化学特征和主要离子来源.结果表明，地表水与地下水均偏弱碱性.河水的水质类型由上游的Na+-Ca2+-HCO3--SO42-型演变为下游的Na+-Ca2+-SO42--HCO3-型.上游矿井水距离河道5 km以内的水化学类型与河水较为相近为Ca2+-Na+-HCO3-型；大于5 km的水化学类型为Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3-型.随着距离的增大，矿井水与河水的联系减弱.上游生活用水井深小于180 m且距离河道小于1 km的地下水水化学特征与河水较为相似，为Na+-Ca2+-HCO3--SO42-型；井深大于180 m且距离河道大于1 km的水化学类型为Ca2+-Na+-SO42--HCO3-型和Ca2+-Na+-HCO3--Cl-型，与河水有一定的差距.下游灌溉用水水化学类型为Na+-Ca2+-SO42--HCO3-型，与下游河水水质一致.上游河水与地下水，SO42-与Ca2+、Mg2+，Ca2+与Mg2+相关性较强，说明这些离子同源，可能来源于含有碳酸盐、石膏的岩石中，印证了矿物溶解和阳离子交换对水化学演化的影响；下游河水与地下水，K+与SO42-、Cl-相关性较强，且K+、Ca2+、Na+相互间均呈现正相关，这些阳离子可能来源于含长石的砂岩.Abstract: This paper investigated hydrochemical characteristics and sources of major ions both of the surface water and groundwater samples in Kuye River Basin. The results showed that surface water and groundwater were weak alkaline. The hydrochemical type of river water transformed from Na+-Ca2+-HCO3--SO42- to Na+-Ca2+-SO42--HCO3- from upstream to downstream. The hydro chemical type of the mine water in the upstream of the river within 5 km distance was similar to the river water and belonged to Ca2+-Na+-HCO3-, but changed to Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- when the distance was greater than 5 km. With increasing distance, the connection between mine water and river water became weak. The hydrochemical type of the domestic water in the mining area was similar to that of the river water and belonged to Na+-Ca2+-HCO3--SO42- when the distance was within 1 km and depth within 180 m. It changed to Ca2+-Na+-SO42--HCO3- and Ca2+-Na+-HCO3--Cl- when the distance was more than 1 km and depth than 180 m. Correlation analysis showed that SO42- was significantly correlated with Mg2+, and Ca2+ was significantly correlated with Mg2+ in river water and groundwater in upstream. It suggested that these ions came from the same source in the rocks containing carbonate and gypsum, which confirmed that mineral dissolution and cation exchange impacted the water chemical evolution. K+ was significantly correlated with SO42- and Cl-.At the same time K+, Ca2+ and Na+ were positively correlated in river water and groundwater in downstream, The cations may have come from sandstone containing feldspar.
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Key words:
- hydrochemical /
- river water /
- groundwater /
- correlation analysis /
- Kuye River
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