磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)对双齿围沙蚕的毒性效应研究
Toxic Effects of Sulfamethoxazole on Perinereis aibuhitensis
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摘要: 磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole, SMX)作为一种广谱型抗生素，由于大量使用而在水体中广泛存在。为研究SMX对海洋多毛类动物双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)的毒性效应，将双齿围沙蚕暴露于1、10和100 μg·L-1 SMX的海水中15 d，从个体、细胞和分子水平探究SMX对双齿围沙蚕的生长、掘穴行为、抗氧化防御、非特异性免疫以及细胞凋亡等方面的影响。结果表明，1 μg·L-1和10 μg·L-1 SMX对沙蚕体质量的影响不显著(P>0.05)，但所有SMX处理组双齿围沙蚕的体长都显著高于对照组水平(P<0.05)。暴露于SMX的双齿围沙蚕掘穴率显著降低，且高浓度SMX(100 μg·L-1)对双齿围沙蚕有明显的神经毒性作用，表现为乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的显著降低。SMX暴露诱导了氧化应激，导致了超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性的升高以及丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量的下降。此外，10 μg·L-1和100 μg·L-1 SMX暴露下酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著降低，表明暴露于高浓度的SMX可能会降低双齿围沙蚕的免疫力。最后，高浓度SMX暴露下，双齿围沙蚕凋亡相关基因大都呈现下调趋势，抑制细胞凋亡。本研究有助于进一步了解SMX污染对水生无脊椎动物的毒性效应，增进对SMX生态毒性的认识。Abstract: To study the toxic effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the marine polychaete P. aibuhitensis, a 15-day exposure test was conducted in seawater with 1, 10, and 100 μg·L-1 SMX. The effects of SMX on growth, burrowing behavior, antioxidant defense, non-specific immunity and cell apoptosis were investigated at individual, cellular and molecular levels. The results showed that 1 μg·L-1 and 10 μg·L-1 SMX had no significant effect on the body weight (P>0.05), but the body length of all experimental groups was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). After exposure to SMX, the bursing rate was significantly reduced, and a high concentration of SMX (100 μg·L-1) exhibited a neurotoxic effect on P. aibuhitensis, which was manifested as a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. SMX exposure induced oxidative stress, which resulted in an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and decreased content of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was significantly reduced at 10 μg·L-1 and 100 μg·L-1 SMX exposure, suggesting that exposure to high concentrations of SMX may reduce the immunity of P. aibuhitensis. Finally, when exposed to high concentration of SMX, most genes related to apoptosis were down-regulated, exhibiting the inhibitory effect of SMX on cell apoptosis. This study helps to further understand the toxic effects of SMX pollution on aquatic invertebrates and improve our understanding of the ecotoxicity of SMX.
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Key words:
- SMX /
- Perinereis aibuhitensis /
- oxidative stress /
- neurotoxicity /
- genotoxicity
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