太湖流域水生生物群落结构与水生态质量状况分析
Analysis of Aquatic Community Structure and Water Ecological Quality in Tai Lake Basin
-
摘要: 研究水生态环境功能的整体性是树立一个生命共同体的基础。本研究于2020年，对江苏省太湖流域49个水生态环境功能区水生态监控点位进行水质、底栖动物和浮游植物调查；评价了太湖流域水生态环境功能区底栖动物和浮游植物群落结构和其质量状况，分析了水质目标和水生态质量目标达标情况。研究结果表明，太湖流域57个点位共获得底栖动物物种94种，底栖动物群落前二位优势种为霍甫水丝蚓和河蚬，17个湖库点位共获得浮游植物物种247种，隶属7个门113属，硅藻门57种、蓝藻门51种、绿藻门107种、隐藻门7种、甲藻门9种、裸藻门15种和金藻门1种，优势种属于微囊藻属，太湖流域底栖动物、浮游植物群落结构呈向好发展趋势；太湖流域4个水生态功能分区中底栖动物、浮游藻类质量指数评价等级均为“一般”，均低于水质指数评价等级(“中”~“良”)；对照2020年管理目标，太湖流域49个水生态环境功能分区水质目标达标率为81.6%，远高于水生态质量达标率(40.8%)。综上所述，本研究结果表明，水环境管理应尽快从水质目标管理向水质、水生态双重管理转变。Abstract: Illustrating the integrity of aquatic ecological environment function is the basis of establishing a life community. In this study, water quality, benthos and phytoplankton were investigated at 49 aquatic ecological function zones in Tai Lake Basin of Jiangsu Province in 2020. The community structure and quality of benthos and phytoplankton in the water ecological environment functional area of Tai Lake Basin were evaluated, and the realization of water quality objectives and aquatic ecological quality objectives were analyzed. The results showed that 94 species of benthos were identified from 57 sites in Tai Lake Basin, and the two predominant species of benthos community were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Corbicula fluminea. 247 species of phytoplankton were identified from 17 sites, categorizing into 113 genera of 7 phyla, 57 species of Bacillariophyta, 51 species of Cyanophyta, 107 species of green algae, 7 species of Cryptophylum, 9 species of Dinoflagellata, 15 species of Euglenophyta and 1 species of Chrysophyta. The dominant species is Microcystis. The community structure of benthos and phytoplankton are developing in a good direction; the grade evaluated by quality indexes of benthos and phytoplankton are lower than the grade of water quality evaluation in all the four aquatic ecological functional zones of Tai Lake Basin. Referring to the water quality and aquatic ecological quality goals of 2020, 81.6% of the 49 aquatic ecological environment functional zones satisfy the water quality goal, which is much higher than ratio of the zones satisfying aquatic ecological quality (40.8%). This study implies that, water environment management should shift from focusing on sole water quality goal to considering both water quality and aquatic ecology.
-
Key words:
- Tai Lake Basin /
- benthos /
- phytoplankton /
- water ecology /
- administration
-
-
童克难. “十年治太”成效与流域氮磷污染变化特征解析. 中国环境报, 2020-07-09(1) Duan H T, Loiselle S A, Zhu L, et al. Distribution and incidence of algal blooms in Lake Taihu [J]. Aquatic Sciences, 2015, 77(1): 9-16 Qin B Q, Xu P Z, Wu Q L, et al. Environmental issues of Lake Taihu, China [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 581(1): 3-14 Paerl H W, Xu H, McCarthy M J, et al. Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a hyper-eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu, China): The need for a dual nutrient (N & P) management strategy [J]. Water Research, 2011, 45(5): 1973-1983 李娣, 李旭文, 牛志春, 等. 江苏省不同营养状况湖泊底栖动物群落结构与多样性比较[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2017, 12(1): 163-172 Li D, Li X W, Niu Z C, et al. A comparative study on macrobenthic community structure and diversity in different trophic status lakes of Jiangsu Province [J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017, 12(1): 163-172 (in Chinese)
王业耀, 阴琨, 杨琦, 等. 河流水生态环境质量评价方法研究与应用进展[J]. 中国环境监测, 2014, 30(4): 1-9 Wang Y Y, Yin K, Yang Q, et al. Research and application progress of assessment for river water ecosystem quality [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014, 30(4): 1-9 (in Chinese)
金小伟, 王业耀, 王备新, 等. 我国流域水生态完整性评价方法构建[J]. 中国环境监测, 2017, 33(1): 75-81 Jin X W, Wang Y Y, Wang B X, et al. Methods development for monitoring and assessment of ecological integrity of surface waters in China [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2017, 33(1): 75-81 (in Chinese)
胡开明, 陆嘉昂, 冯彬, 等. 太湖流域水生态功能分区研究[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2019, 25(19): 98-104 Hu K M, Lu J A, Feng B, et al. Study on aquatic ecological function regionalization in Lake Taihu Basin [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019, 25(19): 98-104 (in Chinese)
李继影, 牛志春, 陈桥, 等. 江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估的初步实践及展望[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 2018, 30(5): 1-3 , 7 Li J Y, Niu Z C, Chen Q, et al. Preliminary practice and prospect of water ecological health assessment in Taihu Lake basin of Jiangsu [J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2018, 30(5): 1-3, 7 (in Chinese)
江苏省环境保护厅. 江苏省太湖流域水生态环境功能区划(试行)[R]. 南京: 江苏省环境保护厅, 2016 江苏省环境保护厅. 关于开展太湖流域水生态环境功能区水生态健康监测工作的通知[R]. 南京: 江苏省环境保护厅, 2017 魏崇德. 浙江动物志-甲壳类[M]. 杭州: 浙江科学技术出版社, 1991: 16 尹文英, 梁彦龄, 王洪铸, 等. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998: 90-98, 476-480 陈义, 高哲生, 叶正昌, 等. 中国动物图谱-环节动物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1959: 21-28 国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002: 5-58 翁建中. 中国常见淡水浮游生物图谱[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2010: 1-59 中国环境监测总站. 环境水质监测质量保证手册[M]. 2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2019: 3-50 王业耀. 中国流域常见水生生物图集(上册) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020 陈桥, 张翔, 沈丽娟, 等. 太湖流域江苏片区底栖大型无脊椎动物群落结构及物种多样性[J]. 湖泊科学, 2017, 29(6): 1398-1411 Chen Q, Zhang X, Shen L J, et al. Community structure and species diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Taihu Basin of Jiangsu Province [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2017, 29(6): 1398-1411 (in Chinese)
Qin B Q, Zhu G W, Gao G, et al. A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu, China: Linkage to climatic variability and lake management [J]. Environmental Management, 2010, 45(1): 105-112 孟顺龙, 陈家长, 胡庚东, 等. 2008年太湖梅梁湾浮游植物群落周年变化[J]. 湖泊科学, 2010, 22(4): 577-584 Meng S L, Chen J Z, Hu G D, et al. Annual dynamics of phytoplankton community in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, 2008 [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010, 22(4): 577-584 (in Chinese)
Stone R. Ecology. China aims to turn tide against toxic lake pollution [J]. Science, 2011, 333(6047): 1210-1211 秦伯强, 杨桂军, 马健荣, 等. 太湖蓝藻水华“暴发”的动态特征及其机制[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61(7): 759-770 Qin B Q, Yang G J, Ma J R, et al. Dynamics of variability and mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria bloom in Lake Taihu, China [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(7): 759-770 (in Chinese)
Li D, Wu N C, Tang S, et al. Factors associated with blooms of cyanobacteria in a large shallow lake, China [J]. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2018, 30(1): 27 陈志宁, 张红高, 周崴, 等. 滆湖大型底栖动物群落分布和氮磷因子的相关分析[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2016, 8(1): 45-50 , 59 Chen Z N, Zhang H G, Zhou W, et al. Analysis on the relationship between the distribution of macrobenthos community and nitrogen-phosphorus factor in the Gehu Lake [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2016, 8(1): 45-50, 59 (in Chinese)
姚瑞华, 赵越, 王东, 等. 长江中下游流域水环境现状及污染防治对策[J]. 人民长江, 2014, 45(S1): 45-47 Yao R H, Zhao Y, Wang D, et al. Present situation of water environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and pollution prevention countermeasures [J]. Yangtze River, 2014, 45(S1): 45-47 (in Chinese)
李娣, 牛志春, 王霞, 等. 长江江苏段底栖动物群落结构与多样性分析[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2015, 21(1): 96-100 Li D, Niu Z C, Wang X, et al. Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2015, 21(1): 96-100 (in Chinese)
刘录三, 黄国鲜, 王璠, 等. 长江流域水生态环境安全主要问题、形势与对策[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(5): 1081-1090 Liu L S, Huang G X, Wang F, et al. Main problems, situation and countermeasures of water eco-environment security in the Yangtze River Basin [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 33(5): 1081-1090 (in Chinese)
范清华, 沈红军, 张涛, 等. 1987—2016年太湖总氮浓度变化趋势分析[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2017, 9(6): 8-13 Fan Q H, Shen H J, Zhang T, et al. Changes of total nitrogen concentration in Taihu Lake during 1987—2016 [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2017, 9(6): 8-13 (in Chinese)
胡丽条, 黄琴, 毕军, 等. 太湖流域水生态环境功能分区管理指标达成效率评估和预警研究[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2021, 13(4): 6-13 , 29 Hu L T, Huang Q, Bi J, et al. Achievement of efficiency evaluation and early-warning of the management indicators of aquatic ecological environment functional zoning in the Taihu Basin [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2021, 13(4): 6-13, 29 (in Chinese)
陆志华, 蔡梅, 王元元, 等. 浅谈平原河网地区生态友好型调度——以太湖流域为例[J]. 浙江水利科技, 2017, 45(5): 1-3 , 12 Lu Z H, Cai M, Wang Y Y, et al. Discussion on the eco-friendly regulation of water conservancy project in plain river network region: A case of Taihu Basin [J]. Zhejiang Hydrotechnics, 2017, 45(5): 1-3, 12 (in Chinese)
张瑞斌, 王乐阳, 潘卓兮, 等. 昆山市牛湾泾黑臭河道治理与生态修复[J]. 中国给水排水, 2022, 38(8): 133-138 Zhang R B, Wang L Y, Pan Z X, et al. Treatment and ecological restoration of black and odorous water of Niuwanjing River in Kunshan [J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2022, 38(8): 133-138 (in Chinese)
陈静, 潘保柱, 武大勇, 等. 洪泽湖底栖动物群落结构及影响因素研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2022, 31(2): 326-335 Chen J, Pan B Z, Wu D Y, et al. Macroinvertebrate community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in Hongze Lake [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022, 31(2): 326-335 (in Chinese)
-
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3028
- HTML全文浏览数: 3028
- PDF下载数: 140
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
