胶州湾地区贝类的全氟辛酸健康风险评价
Health Risk Assessment of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Shellfish in Jiaozhou Bay
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摘要: 全氟辛酸（PFOA）作为一种持久性有机污染物（POPs），半衰期长，对人体可能产生“三致”效应。贝类易蓄积水中的污染物，并伴随着食物链进入人体。胶州湾地区人口密集，贝类摄食量较高。因此，本研究选取胶州湾地区较大的6个集贸市场，采集市面上消费量最大的5种可食用贝类，分别是螠蛏、牡蛎、扇贝、菲律宾蛤仔和紫贻贝。采用了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定了PFOA的蓄积量，其中菲律宾蛤仔（0.17～3.09 μg·kg-1）和扇贝（0.23～3.36 μg·kg-1）中蓄积量较高。其余贝类样品中的PFOA蓄积量相差较小，牡蛎0.05～1.02 μg·kg-1，螠蛏0.19～0.67 μg·kg-1，紫贻贝0.01～0.14 μg·kg-1。进一步开展了胶州湾地区居民的贝类膳食调查问卷，基于调查数据和PFOA生物可给性的分析，进一步优化美国环境保护局（US EPA）健康风险评价公式（HR=EDI/RfD），计算得出胶州湾地区贝类产品中的PFOA健康风险值，其范围在10-3~10-5之间，HR均<1，表明胶州湾海域贝类中的PFOA风险值较低。Abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a kind of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which is hard to degrade and has a long half-life, tends to induce carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects on human. Shellfish species have a high ability to accumulate pollutants in seawater, which will eventually enter human body through the food chain. A large number of population, with large consumption of shellfish, lived in Jiaozhou Bay area. Thus, shellfish, including Ruditapes philippinarum, Mytilus edulis, Chlamys farreri, Crassostrea gigas and Sinonovacula constricta, were collected from six free market in Jiaozhou Bay area. Firstly, the accumulation of PFOA in the shellfish was determined by the ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Higher accumulation of PFOA was observed in Ruditapes philippinarum and Chlamys farreri, with concentrations of 0.17~3.09 μg·kg-1 and 0.23~3.36 μg·kg-1, respectively. PFOA concentrations were detected in the other shellfish samples, and showed little difference, such as 0.05~1.02 μg·kg-1 in Crassostrea gigas, 0.19~0.67 μg·kg-1 in Sinonovacula constricta and 0.01~0.14 μg·kg-1 in Mytilus edulis. Secondly, the dietary intakes of shellfish by residents in Jiaozhou Bay area was obtained by conducting a shellfish diet questionnaire. Then, based on the survey data and the bioaccessibility of PFOA, the health risk assessment formula HR=EDI/RfD raised by US EPA was optimized, by which the health risk of PFOA in shellfish of Jiaozhou Bay was calculated. The risk values ranged from 10-3 to 10-5, and the HR was all lower than 1, indicating that PFOA consumption via shellfish in Jiaozhou Bay area poses little health impacts in consumers.
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Key words:
- perfluorooctanoic acid /
- shellfish /
- health risk assessment /
- accumulation amount /
- dietary survey
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