抗生素磺胺对附着藻类在苦草叶片上定植及演替的影响
Response of Colonization and Community Succession of Epiphytic Algae on Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to Sulfonamide Loads
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摘要: 磺胺类抗生素（SAs）在医药和养殖领域广泛使用，使自然水体中SAs残留量不断增加。SAs对水生态系统的危害方面已多有报道，然而，关于其对淡水附着藻类建群及演替的影响，尚鲜有研究。附着藻类是水体中重要的初级生产者，为了更好地了解其在抗生素污染条件下的定植及演替规律，本研究通过室内静态模拟实验，探究了不同浓度的磺胺（SN）对沉水植物苦草（Vallisneria natans（Lour.）Hara）叶片上附着藻类的影响。结果表明，附着藻类在不同浓度SN处理组中建群速度和时间不同，与丝藻属和颤藻属相比，其他藻类更容易定植到苦草叶片表面，且在SN处理组中丝藻属和颤藻属的相对丰度随时间呈下降的趋势；高浓度的SN（30 mg·L-1和50 mg·L-1）促进了小球藻属的定植生长；SN对菱形藻属的定植表现出"低促高抑"的现象，较低浓度的SN（10 mg·L-1）刺激了菱形藻属的定植生长，而高浓度SN（30 mg·L-1和50 mg·L-1）抑制了其定植生长；主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，SN胁迫条件下苦草叶片表面附着藻类群落结构发生了一定程度的改变，16 d后各处理组间差异逐渐减小，说明SN的负面影响随着时间减小。本研究结果有助于了解附着藻类在沉水植物叶片表面定植及演替规律，为后期应用沉水植物-附着生物复合系统来治理水体新型污染物提供了基础数据。Abstract: The extensive application of sulfonamides (SAs) in the fields of medicine and aquaculture raises concern regarding its negative environmental effects to aquatic ecosystems; however, there have been few reports about the effects on the formation and succession of freshwater epiphytic algae. Epiphytic algae are important primary producers in water bodies, to recognize community succession rules of epiphytic algae in the antibiotics-polluted water, macroscope counting method was used to study the responses of epiphytic algae on submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans to sulfonamide (SN) supply by static incubation test. Results showed that colonization process and community composition of epiphytic algae varied with SN levels. Ulothrix and Oscillatoria are easier to colonize on the surface of leaves of V. natans than other algae populations, and the relative abundance of Ulothrix and Oscillatoria show a decreasing trend with time in the treatment groups added with SN. High concentrations of SN (30 mg·L-1 and 50 mg·L-1) promoted the colonization and growth of Chlorella. SN showed "low promotion and high suppression" in the colonization of Nitzschia, i.e., the lower concentration of SN (10 mg·L-1) stimulated the colonization and growth of Nitzschia, and higher concentration of SN (30 mg·L-1 and 50 mg·L-1) inhibited the colonization and growth of Nitzschia. The principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated that the structure of the algae community on the surface of V. natans was also changed under the condition of SN stress, and the difference between the groups gradually narrowed in the later period, which also indicated that the negative impact of SN decreased with time. Thus, our results add to the understanding of colonization and succession of epiphytic algae on the surface of submerged plants and help to clarify its impact on the growth of submerged plants, thereby providing new insight for using the macrophyte-epiphyte complex for the treatment of antibiotics pollution in aquatic systems.
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Key words:
- sulfonamide /
- epiphytic algae /
- Vallisneria natans /
- colonization /
- succession
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