摘要:
在新疆博斯腾湖流域绿洲灌区采集67个浅层地下水样品，测定其中Cu、Mn、Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn等6种重金属元素的含量，采用Nemerow综合污染指数对地下水中重金属污染程度进行评价，借助US EPA健康风险评价模型对地下水中重金属污染的潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明：①地下水中各元素平均含量大小顺序依次为：Mn >Zn >Cu >Ni > Cr >Cd，各元素平均含量均未超出国家标准的限值；②研究区地下水中各重金属元素单项污染指数平均值从大到小依次为：Cd(2.04)、Mn(0.69)、Ni(0.45)、Cr(0.24)、Zn(0.07)、Cu(0.03)。综合污染指数的变化范围在0.23~2.22之间，平均值为0.73，呈现轻微污染；③健康风险评价结果表明，地下水中6种重金属对成人的潜在非致癌健康风险HI为7.83E-01<1，表明暴露的个体不太可能有明显的不良健康影响；对儿童的潜在非致癌健康风险HI为1.05E+01>1，表明研究区地下水重金属可能对当地儿童的健康产生不利影响，有进一步研究的必要性。
Abstract:
A total of 67 samples of shallow groundwater were collected in Bosten Lake Basin, Xinjiang, and the concentrations of 6 heavy metal elements including Cu, Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn of the samples were determined. The pollution levels of heavy metals in groundwater were analyzed based on the Nemerow Pollution Index and the potential human health risks of heavy metals were assessed based on the US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. Results showed that: ① The average concentrations of each element in groundwater were ranked as: Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd, and the average concentrations of each element were lower than the National Groundwater Quality Standard; ② The average values of the Individual Pollution Index of heavy metal elements of groundwater in the study area ranged as: Cd(2.04), Mn(0.69), Ni(0.45), Cr(0.24), Zn(0.07) and Cu(0.03). The Comprehensive Pollution Index ranged from 0.23 to 2.22, with an average value of 0.73, at the slight pollution level; ③ Results of health risk assessment indicated that the potential non-carcinogenic health risk index (HI) of six heavy metals of groundwater, for adults, was 7.83E-01 < 1, which explained that the individual exposure were unlikely to have significant adverse health effects. Meanwhile, the potential non-carcinogenic health risk index (HI) for children was 1.05E+01 > 1, and it explained that heavy metals of groundwater in the study area may have adverse effects on the health of local children, which needs further research.
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