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细颗粒物(PM2.5)是指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物,研究表明,PM2.5对生态环境[1]和人群健康[2-7]具有显著的危害作用,了解PM2.5的化学组分特征及识别其来源,对于控制PM2.5污染和保障人群健康具有重要作用[8-10]。沈阳市是我国东北地区重要的工业城市,近年来面临着较为严重的PM2.5污染问题。目前,部分研究团队已经对沈阳市的PM2.5的组分特征及成因来源进行分析,洪也等[11]对沈阳市2006年春节期间和2007年夏秋季[12]大气PM2.5中的元素浓度特征及来源进行了分析;赵冰[13]研究了沈阳市2015年PM2.5组分变化特征,并利用主成分分析法分析了PM2.5中主要组分的来源;张显等[14]和田莎莎等[15]分析了沈阳市2015年PM2.5主要组分的季节变化特征,并利用正定矩阵因子分解(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)模型解析了全年污染来源[15];吴丹等[8]对比了沈阳市2015年采暖季和非采暖季的PM2.5化学组成特征,并利用化学质量平衡(Chemical Mass Balance,CMB)模型解析了来源。“十三五”以来,沈阳市加大大气污染治理力度,污染状况有较大变化,但有关“十三五”期间沈阳市PM2.5组分特征与来源解析的研究尚未见报道。此外,已有研究中并未给出沈阳市在春、夏、秋和冬4个不同季节PM2.5的来源及贡献率。因此,本研究于2017年在沈阳采集4个季节的环境空气PM2.5样品,并利用PMF模型解析不同季节的PM2.5主要来源及其贡献,为沈阳市大气污染防治工作提供科学依据。
沈阳市分季节环境空气PM2.5组分特征分析与来源解析
Component characteristics and source apportionment of ambient air PM2.5 at multi-seasons in Shenyang
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摘要: 研究组对2017年沈阳市3个采样点位的环境空气PM2.5进行了采样,分析了PM2.5的质量浓度及其中的离子、碳和无机元素的含量,并利用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型对各点位各季节PM2.5的来源进行了解析。结果表明,观测期间沈阳市各观测点位环境空气PM2.5质量浓度范围为27~129 μg/m3,其浓度夏季最低,秋季最高;工业聚集区的浓度明显高于市内其他地区;各类源对沈阳市2017年PM2.5的分担率依次为:二次硝酸盐27.4%>交通源21.0%>燃煤源和餐饮油烟源17.6%>二次硫酸盐和石油燃烧源16.1%>工业源8.5%>土壤扬尘5.8%>刹车粉尘3.6%。可以看出,沈阳市环境空气PM2.5的组成呈现出较为明显的季节特征,二次颗粒物对沈阳市PM2.5浓度有较高贡献,沈阳市应加强对二次颗粒物前体物的控制。
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关键词:
- PM2.5 /
- 组分特征 /
- 来源解析 /
- 正定矩阵因子分解(PMF) /
- 沈阳市
Abstract: The ambient air PM2.5 samples were collected at three locations of Shenyang in 2017, these samples were analyzed for mass, ions, carbon and inorganic elements. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied for the source apportionment of the ambient air PM2.5 at multi-seasons. The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 at each observation point in Shenyang ranged from 27 μg/m3 to 129 μg/m3. The concentration of PM2.5 in summer was the lowest, while the concentration was the highest in autumn. The concentration of PM2.5 in the industry region was significantly higher than the other regions of Shenyang. The main sources of PM2.5 in Shenyang in 2017 were the secondary nitrate (27.4%), the traffic source (21.0%), coal-burning sources and catering fume sources (17.6%), the secondary sulfate and petroleum combustion sources (16.1%), industrial sources (8.5%), soil dust (5.8%), brake dust (3.6%). The contribution order of the main sources indicated that the composition of the ambient air PM2.5 in Shenyang in different seasons was quietly different. The secondary particulate matter contributed to the ambient air PM2.5 in Shenyang with a great extent. Thus, the precursor of the secondary particulate matter needed to be improved in Shenyang. -
表 1 NO3−、SO42−和NH4+之间的皮尔森相关系数
季节 离子 NO3− SO42− NH4+ 春季 NO3− 1.000 SO42− 0.410* 1.000 NH4+ 0.543** 0.787** 1.000 夏季 NO3− 1.000 SO42− 0.634** 1.000 NH4+ 0.551* 0.880** 1.000 秋季 NO3− 1.000 SO42− 0.856** 1.000 NH4+ 0.944** 0.919** 1.000 冬季 NO3− 1.000 SO42− 0.544** 1.000 NH4+ 0.844** 0.852** 1.000 注:**在0.01级别(双尾),相关性显著。*在0.05级别(双尾),相关性显著。 表 2 沈阳市3个采样点位PM2.5中OC、EC和SOC的质量浓度及SOC/OC
季节 点位 EC/μg·m−3 OC/μg·m−3 SOC/μg·m−3 SOC/OC 春季 中山公园 2.4 9.7 3.1 0.32 沧海路 2.8 8.6 1.7 0.20 市环保局 3.0 8.1 3.2 0.40 夏季 中山公园 1.6 6.4 2.4 0.38 沧海路 2.7 7.6 2.3 0.30 市环保局 1.3 5.7 2.7 0.47 秋季 中山公园 2.5 24.7 8.9 0.36 沧海路 3.1 27.9 14.4 0.52 市环保局 3.0 19.8 12.3 0.62 冬季 中山公园 1.6 18.6 7.0 0.38 沧海路 2.7 33.7 10.3 0.31 市环保局 2.4 22.8 11.4 0.50 -
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