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群感效应(quorum sensing, QS)作为细菌间的通讯方式,调节细胞分化、细胞运动及生物膜形成等多种生理功能[1]。基于N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(acyl homoserine lactones, AHLs)的QS已被证明可以通过加速胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)合成分泌影响生物膜的形成,提高细胞聚集能力,在活性污泥颗粒形成过程中起着重要作用[2-4]。好氧颗粒污泥(aerobic granular sludge, AGS)本质上是混合菌群自固定化微球,由QS介导的微生物代谢活动在AGS功能活性中具有重要作用[5]。尽管AGS的应用已经取得了重大发展,但启动慢、不稳定、易解体等问题依然制约着AGS在废水处理方面的应用[6-8]。污水处理系统是污染物的储存库,复杂的环境因素影响着污水处理系统的稳定运行和污染物去除效率。抗生素耐药基因作为新型污染物,复杂的环境因素导致其在系统微生物群落中传播和扩散,影响污水处理系统的处理效率[9-11]。耐药质粒是污水抗性组中的重要组成部分,废水处理厂中的微生物群落包含大量耐药质粒,编码对几乎所有临床相关抗生素的耐药性[12-15]。ZHAO等[16]研究编码多耐药基因的代表性共轭转移质粒RP4对氨氧化的影响,结果表明,供体菌株携带的RP4质粒可以转移到序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)中的AOB中,RP4质粒转移后,AOB中与氨氧化相关的amoA,amoC,hao,nirK和norB基因表达受到抑制,污水处理厂中抗生素抗性基因存在生态风险。本课题组研究发现,接种携带多重耐药质粒RP4的供体菌E.coli K12( RP4) 后,反应器氨氮去除率从94.7%降低至32.8%[17]。污水生物处理系统在受到耐药菌株冲击负荷后系统处理性能下降,其稳定运行受到影响。因此,在系统受到耐药菌株冲击负荷后,探索耐药基因传播、QS分子变化以及系统稳定和性能维护对污水处理工艺完善具有十分重要的指导意义。
本研究在前期构建稳定的AGS反应器基础上,向反应器内投加携带耐药质粒RK2的供体菌E.coli K12:RK2,监测了反应器的污泥形态、EPS含量以及QS信号分子AHLs的变化,探讨了耐药质粒对系统中AGS稳定性的影响,阐明了EPS含量变化与群体感应之间的关系,揭示了QS在AGS中的调控机制。通过找到QS调控机制维持AGS系统稳定运行的方法,以期为AGS系统稳定运行提供参考。
耐药菌E.coli K12:RK2负荷下群感效应对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的影响
Effect of quorum sensing on the stability of aerobic granular sludge under drug resistant bacteria E.coli K12:RK2 load
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摘要: 研究了在携带RK2质粒的供体菌E.coli K12 :RK2负荷下群体感应对好氧颗粒污泥稳定性的影响,同步运行了2个反应器(R1与R2),分别向反应器中添加E.coli K12和携带RK2质粒的供体菌E.coli K12:RK2,考察了其对系统污染物去除效率、污泥形态、EPS以及AHL含量的影响,分析并验证群体感应在维持好氧颗粒污泥稳定中的作用。结果表明,R1和R2中氨氮降解及污泥形态变化趋势一致,系统氨氮降解率下降,反应器中大颗粒污泥解体、絮状污泥增多。投菌作用下,R1和R2中胞外聚合物(EPS)含量显著降低(P<0.05),分别由(369.28±67.70) mg·g−1和(372.22±86.53) mg·g−1(以MLSS计)降至(242.47±20.25) mg·g−1和(175.66±37.99) mg·g−1,且组间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。通过荧光定量PCR及荧光显微镜镜检发现RK2质粒在系统中发生接合转移。C4-HSL为系统的主要响应AHLs,在投菌后出现,R1和R2中含量分别为增加至(1.35±0.59) ng·g−1和(2.30±0.52) ng·g−1,随后2个反应器中C4-HSL浓度均随着投菌进行逐渐降低;相关性分析结果表明,C4-HSL与EPS呈负相关关系;进一步研究发现,C4-HSL能够显著抑制污泥中EPS和胞外蛋白(PN)分泌。以上结果表明在携带RK2质粒的供体菌E.coli K12 :RK2负荷下系统通过群感效应分子C4-HSL调控EPS含量来影响污泥形态,可为提高好氧颗粒污泥系统稳定性提供参考。Abstract: The effect of quorum sensing on the stability of aerobic granular sludge under the load of E. coli K12:RK2 carrying RK2 plasmid was studied. Two reactors (R1 and R2) were run simultaneously, and E.coli K12 and donor bacteria E.coli K12:RK2 carrying RK2 plasmid were added to these two reactors, respectively, and their effects on the pollutant removal efficiency of the reactors, sludge morphology, EPS and AHL content were investigated. The role of quorum sensing in maintaining aerobic granular sludge stability was analyzed and verified. The results showed that the degradation trend of ammonia nitrogen was consistent with that of sludge morphology in R1 and R2, the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen in the system decreased, and the large particle sludge was disintegrated and flocculent sludge increased in the reactor. Under the action of bacterialization, the content of extracellular polymers in R1 and R2 decreased significantly (P<0.05), from (369.28±67.70) mg·g−1 and (372.22±86.53) mg·g−1 (in terms of MLSS) to (242.47±20.25) mg·g−1 and (175.66±37.99) mg·g−1, respectively, and the significant differences occurred between groups (P <0.05). Fluorescence microscopy and qPCR showed that the conjugation transfer occurred for RK2 plasmids in the system. C4-HSLwas the main response of AHLs in this system. After germination, the contents of C4-HSL increased to (1.35±0.59) ng·g −1 and (2.30±0.52) ng·g−1, respectively, and then the concentration of C4-HSL gradually decreased with the propagation process. The correlation analysis results showed that C4-HSL had a negative correlation with EPS. Further studies have found that C4-HSL could significantly inhibit EPS and PN secretion in sludge. The above results show that under the donor bacteria E. coli K12:RK2 carrying the RK2 plasmid, the system regulated the EPS content to affect the sludge morphology by the group sensing effect molecule C4-HSL, which can provide a reference for improving the stability of aerobic granular sludge system.
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Key words:
- aerobic granular sludge /
- RK2 plasmid /
- EPS /
- C4-HSL /
- stability
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表 1 R1与R2中C4-HSL与EPS、PN及PS之间的Pearson相关系数及P值
Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficient and P value between C4-HSL and EPS, PN and PS in R1 and R2
组分 R1 R2 Pearson相关系数 P值 Pearson相关系数 P值 EPS −0.648 3 0.351 7 −0.754 8 0.351 7 PN 0.300 0 0.700 1 −0.360 8 0.700 1 PS −0.544 1 0.455 9 −0.522 5 0.477 5 -
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