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随着社会生活中大量餐厨垃圾的产生,对此类垃圾的处理处置已成为亟待解决的环境问题。根据2021年《中国统计年鉴》[1],2020年中国产生了约2.35×108 t城市固体废物,其中餐厨垃圾产量约占城市固体废物的50%~60%[2]。餐厨垃圾中有机物含量高,可生化性强,将其进行厌氧消化既可减少环境污染,又可将沼气等副产物进行资源回收。虽然厌氧消化已经是一项相对成熟且应用广泛的技术,但当将餐厨垃圾用作唯一的消化基质时,仍然面临着一些挑战,包括挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的抑制、微量金属元素的缺乏和高氨氮的抑制等问题[3]。将餐厨垃圾进行联合厌氧共消化,能表现出比单一厌氧消化更好的性能,这可增强厌氧消化系统的稳定性进而提高沼气生产率。拟通过系统梳理餐厨垃圾与其它生物质废物厌氧共消化的研究进展,从产甲烷角度分析餐厨垃圾与其它生物质厌氧共消化的协同效益,并归纳餐厨垃圾厌氧共消化的性能提高策略。
餐厨垃圾厌氧共消化研究进展
Research progress and performance improvement strategies of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste
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摘要: 餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵系统长期运行时极易失衡,且失衡机制错综复杂;而且,目前缺乏对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵消化性能的有效调控策略,这限制了餐厨垃圾厌氧消化技术的发展和应用。餐厨垃圾与其它基质进行厌氧共消化不仅能解决餐厨垃圾单一消化的性能限制问题,还可以实现废物的互相利用和资源回收。梳理了餐厨垃圾厌氧消化面临的问题及挑战,深入探讨了餐厨垃圾与其它生物质联合厌氧共消化的协同效应及影响因素,总结了提升餐厨垃圾厌氧共消化性能的强化策略,以期为餐厨垃圾厌氧共消化技术研究提供参考。Abstract: The anaerobic fermentation system of food waste is easily unbalanced when it is running for a long time, and the imbalance mechanism is complicated. Moreover, the lack of effective regulation strategies on anaerobic digestion performance of food waste restricts the application and development of anaerobic digestion technology of food waste. Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and other substrates can not only overcome the performance limitation of single digestion of kitchen waste, but also realize the mutual utilization of waste and resource recovery. Therefore, this research reviewed the latest research progress of the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and other substrates. In this review, the problems and challenges faced by the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste were analyzed, the synergistic effect and influencing factors of the anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and other biomass were discussed, and the strengthening strategies to improve the performance of the anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste were summarized. This review can provide reference for the related research on the anaerobic co-digestion technology of kitchen waste.
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Key words:
- food waste /
- anaerobic co-digestion /
- synergistic effect /
- strengthening strategies
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表 1 餐厨垃圾与其它生物质联合厌氧共消化的研究
Table 1. Summary of the recent studies on anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and other biomass
序号 共消化基质的质量比 反应器
运行模式温度/℃ pH 停留
时间/d总固体质量分数
或质量浓度C/N 最大甲烷产率/
(mL·g−1)参考
文献1 餐厨垃圾∶剩余污泥=1∶1 序批式 35 ± 0.2 7.1~7.8 — 15%~30% — 224.1 [7] 2 餐厨垃圾∶剩余污泥=2∶5 连续式 34 0.75 ± 0.1 20 27.6 ± 0.4 g·L−1 19.5 476.6 [8] 3 餐厨垃圾∶剩余污泥=1∶1 半连续式 55 ± 2 6.8 33.3 45 g·L−1 13 300 [9] 4 餐厨垃圾∶脱水污泥=0.4∶1 半连续式 35 ± 1 7.6 ± 0.1 20 20. 8% 11. 2 376.2 [10] 5 餐厨垃圾∶牛粪=2.5∶1 序批式 35 6.4~7.4 — — — 588.02 [11] 6 餐厨垃圾∶马粪=25∶100 连续式 — 7.9 ± 0.1 — — — 370 [12] 7 餐厨垃圾∶羊粪∶污泥=20∶70∶10 序批式 36 7.9~8.2 22 22~24
g·L−116~18 603 [13] 8 餐厨垃圾∶渗滤液 序批式 35 ± 1 8.5~8.8 30 40 g·L−1 — — [14] 9 餐厨垃圾∶渗滤液 序批式 35 ± 1 7.7~8.8 35 40 g·L−1 — 584 [15] 10 餐厨垃圾∶渗滤液 序批式 35 ± 1 7.5~8.3 32 40 g·L−1 — 375 [16] 11 餐厨垃圾∶玉米秸秆=5∶5 序批式 55 ± 1 — 30 28.99 g·L−1 — 402. 3 [17] 12 餐厨垃圾∶玉米秸秆=1∶2 序批式 37 ± 1 6.5~7.8 45 21.7 g·L−1 55.76 383.9 [18] 表 2 餐厨垃圾联合厌氧共消化的影响因素
Table 2. Influencing factors of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste
序号 消化基质 反应器
类型影响
因素最优条件 运行参数 最大产
甲烷性能参考
文献1 餐厨垃圾和猪粪 序批式 pH 7.11 TS=10.08% 30 459.5 mL [33] 2 餐厨垃圾和牛粪 序批式 pH 8.0 SRT=50 d;C/N=25 2 5626 mL [35] 3 餐厨垃圾和稻草 CSTR C/N 16.94 OLR=15.8 g·L−1;t=37 ℃ 296 mL·g−1 [36] 4 餐厨垃圾和牛粪 序批式 C/N 15.8 t=35 ℃;TS=3.2% 388 mL·g−1 [37] 5 餐厨垃圾、玉米秸秆和鸡粪 间歇式 C/N 38 t=37 ℃;pH=7.0~8.2 432 mL·g−1 [38] 6 餐厨、牛粪和污泥 CSTR 温度 36 ℃ OLR=1.2 g·(L·d)−1;HRT=22 d 603 mL·g−1 [39] 7 餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥 CSTR 温度 55 ℃ HRT=33 d;C/N=13;pH=6.8;TS=45 g·L−1 300 mL·g−1 [10] 8 餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥 连续式 温度 35 ℃ OLR=15.8 g·L−1 320 mL·g−1 [40] 9 餐厨垃圾、猪粪和废水 CSTR Co
Mo
Ni
Fe2 mg·L−1
5 mg·L−1
10 mg·L−1
100 mg·L−1HRT=20 d;pH=7.37;
VS=75.6%396 mL·g−1 [41] 10 餐厨垃圾和猪粪废水 半连续 Fe
Co
Ni5 mg·L−1
1 mg·L−1
1 mg·L−1TS= 21.75%;C/N=19.3;t=37 ℃ 456.4 mL·g−1 [42] 11 餐厨垃圾和玉米秸秆 序批式 Ni
Co
Mo0.5mg·L−1
0.5mg·L−1
0.25mg·L−1OLR=1.0~5.5 g·L−1;t=37 ℃ 429 mL·g−1 [43] 注:CSTR为混合连续搅拌釜式反应器。 表 3 预处理强化厌氧共消化性能研究
Table 3. Pretreatment methods and their impact on anaerobic co-digestion of food waste
序号 预处理类型 消化基质 预处理条件 处理效果 参考文献 1 热预处理 餐厨垃圾和油脂 pH=10; t=55 ℃ 甲烷产量提高9.9% [62] 2 热预处理 餐厨垃圾和农作物 t=50 ℃,反应时间=6~12 h;
t=80 ℃,反应时间=1.5 h生物甲烷产量>40% [63] 3 机械预处理 餐厨垃圾和牛粪 300~2 000 r·min−1,反应时间=1~20 min 粒径从0.84 mm减小到0.39 mm,
甲烷产率提高28%[64] 4 超声预处理 餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥 反应时间=30 min 最大甲烷产率206 mL·g−1 [65] 5 超声预处理 餐厨垃圾、牛粪和剩余污泥 7 500 kJ·kg−1 最大甲烷产率376 mL·g−1 [66] 6 超声预处理 餐厨垃圾和活性污泥 90 000 kJ·kg−1 沼气生成量增加24% [67] 7 超声预处理 牛粪、餐厨垃圾和活性污泥 7 500 kJ·kg−1 中温条件下产甲烷量提高31% [68] 8 碱预处理 餐厨垃圾和农作物秸秆 NaOH浓度=4% 最大甲烷产率311.5 g·L−1 [69] 9 碱度预处理 餐厨垃圾和牛粪 t=37 °C;NaOH浓度=1.5% 最高甲烷产量800 mL·d−1 [70] 10 电化学预处理 餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥 pH=7.0~7.4;电压=1 V VFAs最高达132.2 mg·L−1 [71] -
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